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Angelle’s unfinished business at DNR

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Original Article

Written by Jeremy Alford
Scott Angelle’s expected move up the political ranks is bittersweet for the Breaux Bridge native. On one hand, he gets to serve as lieutenant governor until a successor is elected later this fall. On the other, he must temporarily vacate his post as natural resources secretary just after launching an aggressive campaign to create new incentives to encourage oil and natural gas exploration in south Louisiana.The state Mineral Board is expected to begin discussions soon, but industry leaders are already champing at the bit. Angelle’s proposed package would in part target wells drilled to 15,000 feet or below in the coastal zone, making such wells a much more attractive option for exploration companies to spend their drilling dollars.

Louisiana Oil and Gas Association President Don Briggs says the proposal should draw interest from exploration companies and could give Louisiana an edge. “We have to be competitive with so many states, and we are competing with so many resource plays,” Briggs says.

The draft proposal also includes a provision requiring companies taking advantage of any related incentives to compensate for impacts to coastal wetlands at a rate of 125 percent of the habitat value of the wetlands, rather than the current rate of 100 percent. “Incentives of the kind Secretary Angelle has brought forward would certainly spur development in south Louisiana, where exploration and production have been on the decline,” says Chris John, president of the Louisiana Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association. “Renewing interest there would make economic sense for Louisiana.”

Click here to view the entire resolution adopted by the state Mineral Board this month.

Weather hurts Gulf oil fight; new drilling on hold

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Original Article

MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER (AP) — Oil from a massive spill in the Gulf of Mexico was oozing into Louisiana’s ecologically rich wetlands Friday as storms threatened to frustrate desperate protection efforts. The White House put a hold on any new offshore oil projects until the rig disaster that caused the spill is explained.

Crews in boats were patrolling coastal marshes early Friday looking for areas where the oil has flowed in, the Coast Guard said.

The National Weather Service predicted winds, high tides and waves through Sunday that could push oil deep into the inlets, ponds and lakes that line the boot of southeast Louisiana. Seas of 6 to 7 feet were pushing tides several feet above normal toward the coast, compounded by thunderstorms expected in the area Friday.

Crews are unable to skim oil from the surface or burn it off for the next couple of days because of the weather, Coast Guard Rear Adm. Sally Brice-O’Hara said on ABC’s “Good Morning America.”

Waves may also wash over booms strung out just off shorelines to stop the oil, said Tom McKenzie, a spokesman for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which is hoping booms will keep oil off the Chandeleur Islands, part of a national wildlife refuge.

“The challenge is, are they going to hold up in any kind of serious weather,” McKenzie said. “And if there’s oil, will the oil overcome the barriers even though they’re … executed well?”

A top adviser to President Barack Obama said Friday that no new oil drilling would be allowed until authorities learn what caused the explosion of the rig Deepwater Horizon. David Axelrod told ABC’s “Good Morning America” that “no additional drilling has been authorized and none will until we find out what has happened here.” Obama recently lifted a drilling moratorium for many offshore areas, including the Atlantic and Gulf areas.

The leak from a blown-out well a mile underwater is five times bigger than first believed. Faint fingers of oily sheen began reaching the Mississippi River delta late Thursday, lapping the Louisiana shoreline in long, thin lines. Thicker oil was farther offshore. Officials have said they would do everything to keep the Mississippi River open to traffic.

The Coast Guard defended the federal response so far. Asked on all three network television morning shows Friday whether the government has done enough to push oil company BP PLC to plug the underwater leak and protect the coast, Brice-O’Hara said theresponse led by the Coast Guard has been rapid, sustained and has adapted as the threat grew since a drill rig exploded and sank last week, causing the seafloor spill.

The oil slick could become the nation’s worst environmental disaster in decades, threatening to eclipse even the Exxon Valdez in scope. It imperils hundreds of species of fish, birds and other wildlife along the Gulf Coast, one of the world’s richest seafood grounds, teeming with shrimp, oysters and other marine life.

“It is of grave concern,” David Kennedy of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, told The Associated Press about the spill. “I am frightened. This is a very, very big thing. And the efforts that are going to be required to do anything about it, especially if it continues on, are just mind-boggling.”

Oil clumps seabirds’ feathers, leaving them without insulation — and when they preen, they swallow it. Prolonged contact with the skin can cause burns, said Nils Warnock, a spill recovery supervisor with the California Oiled Wildlife Care Network at the University of California-Davis. Oil swallowed by animals can cause anemia, hemorrhaging and other problems, said Jay Holcomb, executive director of the International Bird Rescue Research Center in California.

The spewing oil — about 210,000 gallons a day — comes from a well drilled by the rig Deepwater Horizon, which exploded in flames April 20 and sank two days later. BP was operating the rig that was owned by Transocean Ltd. The Coast Guard is working with BP to deploy floating booms, skimmers and chemical dispersants, and set controlled fires to burn the oil off the water’s surface.

The leak from the ocean floor proved to be far bigger than initially reported, contributing to a growing sense among some in Louisiana that the government failed them again, just as it did during Hurricane Katrina in 2005. President Obama dispatched Cabinet officials to deal with the crisis.

Cade Thomas, a fishing guide in Venice, worried that his livelihood will be destroyed. He said he did not know whether to blame the Coast Guard, the government or BP.

“They lied to us. They came out and said it was leaking 1,000 barrels when I think they knew it was more. And they weren’t proactive,” he said. “As soon as it blew up, they should have started wrapping it with booms.”

BP shares continued falling early Friday. Shares were down 2 percent in early trading on the London Stock Exchange, a day after dropping 7 percent in London. In New York on Thursday, BP shares fell $4.78 to close at $52.56, taking the fall in the company’s market value to about $25 billion since the explosion.

Government officials said the well 40 miles offshore is spewing about 5,000 barrels, or 200,000 gallons, a day into the gulf.

At that rate, the spill could eclipse the worst oil spill in U.S. history — the 11 million gallons that leaked from the grounded tanker Exxon Valdez in Alaska’s Prince William Sound in 1989 — in the three months it could take to drill a relief well and plug the gushing well 5,000 feet underwater on the sea floor. Ultimately, the spill could grow much larger than the Valdez because Gulf of Mexico wells tap deposits that hold many times more oil than a single tanker.

BP has requested more resources from the Defense Department, especially underwater equipment that might be better than what is commercially available. A BP executive said the corporation would “take help from anyone.” That includes fishermen who could be hired to help deploy containment boom.

Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal declared a state of emergency so officials could begin preparing for the oil’s impact. He also asked the federal government if he could call up 6,000 National Guard troops to help.


Deepwater drilling likely to continue despite rig disaster

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Original Article

By Kathrine Schmidt
Houma Courier – Staff Writer

HOUMA — The deadly explosion aboard the Deepwater Horizon last week, though tragic and unexpected, is unlikely to change the course of expanded deepwater drilling in the Gulf of Mexico, industry officials and observers say.

“We need the oil,” said Eric Smith, associate director of the Tulane Energy Institute in New Orleans, adding that the deepwater Gulf is where those resources are known to be. “We don’t have a whole lot of other choices if we’re going to increase domestic production. The economic drivers are still there.”

Rather, the industry will take whatever lessons a full investigation into the catastrophe can yield and learn from them, said Chett Chiasson, executive director at Port Fourchon.

“It’s going to enhance the safety issues and make the awareness heightened,” Chiasson said. “It basically will make people aware that things can happen, even though they rarely do.”

It’s a question of jobs and livelihoods for the Terrebonne and Lafourche area, since production in areas more than 1,000 feet deep is considered to be the future of oil-and-gas exploration.

Port Fourchon, a conduit for employment of about 15,000 offshore workers, serves over 90 percent of the Gulf’s deepwater activity, and many other local businesses serve the market as well.

Roughly 7 percent of Houma’s employment is directly in the oil-and-gas industry, compared to 2.7 percent statewide, according to economist Loren Scott, who studies the state. That doesn’t count manufacturing, transportation and maritime jobs that are also driven by its exploration and production.

Scott said in an interview Friday that the economic impact on the Gulf Coast would depend on the extent of the damage any oil that leaks from the rig. But over the long term, it is unlikely to change the trajectory of drilling and production in areas off the coasts of Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi and Alabama, he said.

“For Louisiana, it’s certainly tragic,” he said. “But in terms of its immediate and long-term impact, we don’t see it being very big.”

But it could increase opposition to opening drilling in other coastal areas.

The explosion comes weeks after the Obama administration announced that it would lift a federal ban on drilling in vast new stretches of U.S. waters. The president has voiced strong support for renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and biofuels, but he acknowledged the country must also expand its domestic drilling to keep its economy healthy during its transition to new types of energy.

In a news conference Friday, Obama Press Secretary Robert Gibbs reinforced support for that policy, saying increased domestic production can still be done safely, securely and without harming the environment.

“I don’t honestly think it opens up a whole new series of questions,” Gibbs said, according to the Associated Press. “In all honesty, I doubt this is the first accident that has happened and I doubt it will be the last.”

Still, the explosion and tragic deaths from what was considered among the top equipment from a highly regarded company shocked the industry, Smith said.

But even with the best technology, the best equipment and best people, accidents still happen when dealing with the powerful forces of physics below Earth’s crust, Smith

said.

Kerry Chauvin, CEO of Gulf Island Fabrication, a Houma company that builds oil platforms, called the incident “astounding” and “unfathomable.”

“We would hate to see a slowdown in the drilling activity,” he said. “We’re just going to have to wait and see.”

Staff Writer Kathrine Schmidt can be reached at 857-2204 or kathrine.schmidt@houmatoday.com.

Slick from rig blowout could reach shore by Friday

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Original Article

Graphic/The Advocate
By SANDY DAVIS – Advocate staff writer

Louisiana agencies are preparing for the worst from an oil slick steadily heading toward the state’s shoreline and marshlands.

Some experts estimate it could reach Pass a Loutre wildlife management area as early as Friday and Breton Sound on Saturday, Gov. Bobby Jindal said Wednesday.

“Just like we do in a hurricane, we are preparing for the worst and hoping for the best,” Jindal said at an afternoon news conference.

Earlier in the day, Jindal said he had been briefed by the U.S. Coast Guard, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and BP who are involved in the cleanup and containment of the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.

About 42,000 gallons of oil a day are leaking into the Gulf from the Deepwater Horizon oil rig which exploded April 20, burned and then sank two days later. Eleven workers are missing and presumed dead.

Jindal said federal and state officials are scrambling to do what they can to prevent the  oil from reaching the state’s fishing and wildlife areas, but on Wednesday predictions had the oil headed toward the state.

“It’s still early and these tracks could change,” Jindal said. “We will know more tomorrow.”

Pass a Loutre and Breton Sound where the oil slick could hit are home to concentrations of wildlife, especially nesting birds, Jindal said.

“We need to take every step possible to ensure our coast is protected,” he said.

The Department of Wildlife and Fisheries already received 55,000-feet of boom which is used to contain the oil, Jindal said.

About 9,000-feet of boom was placed in the Pass a Loutre area Tuesday, Jindal said. The agency has asked for another 100,000 feet of boom to be staged in Venice.

Jindal said that so far no decisions have been made to close any recreational or commercial fishing.

However, Wildlife and Fisheries biologists are continuing to assess the water.

“They may do some anticipatory closures as early as Friday and certainly by Saturday morning based on what biologists are telling them,” Jindal said.

The governor announced later Wednesday that the white shrimping season was reopened at 6 p.m. in the portion of Breton and Chandeleur Sounds known as the “double-rig line.”

He said that reports “indicated there was a number of large white shrimp available in that area.”

“(The state Department of Wildlife and Fisheries) is making every effort available to the commercial fishing industry to harvest this marketable crop before the potential impact of the oil spill,” he said.

The governor said he has asked “our federal partners” to allow Louisiana commercial fishermen to help with the cleanup, particularly by deploying their boats to help with skimming, Jindal said.

Louisiana’s seafood is still safe to eat but the governor said that state and federal agencies will continue to monitor it.

He also said that there has been no impact on drinking water and the Department of Health and Hospitals was continuing to monitor that situation as well.

Should the oil reach the shore and marshes and coat birds and other wildlife, Jindal warned the public, that unless trained, not to try and clean the animals.

“Without training, you could actually cause harm to the wildlife or you could hurt yourself,” Jindal said .

He said BP and the Coast Guard have agreed to set up a hotline where people could volunteer to help clean wildlife as well as the shoreline.

“I’ve also asked the feds to set up a 1-800 number for those who may suffer losses due to this oil spill,” he said.

Losses could include property damage or loss of income.

Jindal said that BP is responsible for those losses.

After the emergency has subsided, Jindal said, BP will have the opportunity to try to recoup some of their money from a federal oil spill fund.

Jindal said that the state was considering training state prisoners to help clean wildlife, particularly birds, should the need arise.

Also Wednesday, the Coast Guard announced that there were no plans to restrict traffic coming from the main shipping lanes into or out of the Mississippi River.

The Coast Guard said it was also not planning to restrict traffic through the Southwest Pass.

Jindal said he was pleased that the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet was closed.

“If that had been opened, it would only have exacerbated the situation,” he said.

Jindal said that if anyone wants to report seeing injured or oiled wildlife, they should  call (866) 557-1401.

He also said that state agencies would be posting updates on the oil spill — including closures at: http://emergency.louisiana.gov.

“A lot could change between now and the weekend, but we want to see our people start to get ready,” he said.

The Voice of LOGA

Haynesville Shale, Interviews, LOGA Articles, News Articles, Oil & Gas Industry, louisiana oil & gas association No Comments

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Original Article

Well Servicing Magazine – Association of Energy Service Companies (AESC)
By: Al Pickett

Companies have been drilling for oil and natural gas — both onshore and offshore — in Louisiana for more than 100 years, but Don G. Briggs says the recent emergence of the Haynesville Shale play in Northern Louisiana was a game changer in the state.
“When the Haynesville Shale opened,” relates Briggs, the founder and current president of the Louisiana Oil and Gas Association (LOGA), “it was a whole new world in regards to drilling in Louisiana. We’ve never had this kind of drilling (horizontal drilling with large, multiple-stage hydraulic fracturing jobs) or this dense drilling in Louisiana. I watched what was happening with people I knew in the Barnett Shale in Texas when it began there, and I learned a lot from the issues that they faced with drilling in urban areas. Then, the same thing popped up at my back door.”


Like other state associations, LOGA is involved in trying to educate the public.

When the Haynesville Shale play took off, Briggs says the first thing the LOGA did was to open a Haynesville office in Shreveport and hire Jodee Bruynickx, a lawyer who had previously served as a legislative counsel to Congressman Rodney Alexander and more recently had been a policy advisor handling energy issues for Gov. Bobby Jindal.

Briggs claims the burgeoning Haynesville play took on a “gold rush mentality.” “All the land owners knew someone who became an instant millionaire,” he recalls. “There would be people living in a trailer house on 200 acres, and all of a sudden they were millionaires. Companies were paying bonuses of $35,000 an acre. It was a new world of education, so we set up seminars. I would walk into a high school gymnasium and there would be 2,000 people there, many of them with land deeds in hand. They would ask, ‘What is this about?’ or ‘what does this mean?’ Of course, there are always some bad guys operating, too, so we tried to give people good advice.”

The LOGA’s involvement in the developing Haynesville Shale play is just another example of the organization’s involvement in the state’s oil and gas industry, according to Ben Broussard, marketing director for the association. He says the LOGA, originally known as the Louisiana Independent Oil and Gas Association, was organized in 1992 by Briggs to represent the independent and service sectors of the oil and gas industry in Louisiana.

“In October of 1992, Don stepped away from his service company business in Lafayette to organize the LOGA,” explains Broussard. “He knew that if the industry was to survive under the onslaught of the many bureaucratic state and federal agencies, the industry needed to be represented in Baton Rouge. LOGA’s membership includes more than 1,070 member companies and individuals who share a common interest in the success and continuance of Louisiana’s oil and gas industry and includes exploration, production, oilfield services, landmen, oil and gas attorneys, geologists and geophysicists, gas marketers, ancillary service providers, tax firms, investment bankers and more.”


Don G. Briggs, President of LOGA.

LOGA’s primary goal is to provide Louisiana’s oil and gas industry with a working environment, according to Broussard, thus enhancing it. “LOGA services its membership by creating incentives for Louisiana’s oil and gas industry,” he continues, “warding off tax increases, changing existing burdensome regulations and educating the public and government of the importance of the oil and gas industry in the state of Louisiana. LOGA is a hands-on, in-the-trenches association.”

Like other state associations, Broussard says LOGA is involved in trying to educate the public on issues involving the oil and gas industry. “LOGA currently contributes to numerous state and national publications on a regular basis, addressing the issues that directly affect the oil and gas industry in Louisiana and as a whole,” he explains. “The association has also recently released plans for its 2010 LOGA State of the Industry series, which are informational meetings to be held in Shreveport, New Orleans, Houma and Houston.”

Current issues to be discussed at those meetings, according to Broussard, include President Obama’s administration and its plans concerning the nation’s energy future, the looming recession and how it has and will affect Louisiana’s oil and gas industry, the natural gas activity in northern Louisiana, compressed natural gas, Louisiana’s energy infrastructure, and other relevant issues affecting the Bayou State. LOGA president Don Briggs also makes about 40 speaking engagements a year.

Gifford Briggs, vice president of LOGA, says Environmental Protection Agency regulations are presenting one of the major challenges currently confronting the association and its members. “The biggest concern we have right now is the EPA’s desire to regulate carbon emi s s ion and greenhouse gas,” he points out. “Another concern is the EPA’s encroachment regulating hydraulic fracturing.” Briggs said the LOGA joined with other associations in sending a letter to the EPA outlining their stance on those issues.

Don Briggs, however, says the number one issue facing the state’s industry these days is something he calls “legacy lawsuits.” “A group of lawyers have filed lawsuits against operators for contamination for wells drilled all the way back to 1901,” he contends. “Every field in Louisiana has had a lawsuit filed against it. It is costing companies hundreds of millions of dollars. Last I saw, there had been more than 200 lawsuits filed with more than 900 defendants. Most of these fields were originally drilled by the former Exxon, Gulf or other major companies and have since sold several times. The wells were drilled in accordance to the law and the technology that existed at the time, but lawyers are going back in and filing suits for contamination. It is a very complex, nasty issue.”


Ben Broussard, Marketing Director

Briggs says one can kill a snake by cutting off its head or they can fight off the snake by poking a stick at it.”

“The defense lawyers have been great at poking the snake, but the lawsuits just go on and on,” he laments. “It is really having a serious impact on our industry. We were already the most litigious states in the nation.”

Briggs claims Louisiana has some of the best oil and gas drilling rules of any state in the nation with a strong regulatory system that is fair and just. However, he says he can’t say the same for the legal system in Louisiana.

“If I could do anything, I would lay down my sword for the oil and gas industry,” he states, “and I would pick up the sword for tort reform. But to do that, it has to be well financed.”

Superior Energy Services sponsors LOGA State of the Industry in New Orleans on May 6th; Registration open to all

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LOGA member company Superior Energy Services will be the exclusive sponsor for the final LOGA State of the Industry meeting to be held on May 6th, 2010 at the Windsor Court Hotel in New Orleans, LA.  This is the fifth and final date in the annual series of informational & networking meetings focusing on the current state of Louisiana’s oil & gas industry and will be hosted by the New Orleans Chamber of Commerce.  Doors open at 11:00am with networking time provided.  A lunchtime presentation by LOGA President Don Briggs will begin around 11:45am covering topics such as President Obama’s administrations and its plans concerning our energy future, the looming recession and how it has and will affect Louisiana’s oil & gas industry, the natural gas activity in North Louisiana, CNG, Louisiana’s energy infrastructure, and other relevant issues.

Registration is currently available online at http://register.loga.la or by contacting LOGA Marketing Director Ben Broussard by clicking here.  A few tables and individual seats are still available.  Cutoff date for registration is Friday April 30th.

Please contact LOGA with any questions at (800) 443-1433.

Angelle tapped for Lieutenant Governor

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Original Article

Louisiana Department of Natural Resources Secretary Scott Angelle, right, speaks with reporters Monday after Gov. Bobby Jindal announced Angelle as his nominee to serve as lieutenant governor.

Louisiana Department of Natural Resources Secretary Scott Angelle, right, speaks with reporters Monday after Gov. Bobby Jindal announced Angelle as his nominee to serve as lieutenant governor. (The Associated Press)

BATON ROUGE — Gov. Bobby Jindal nominated his
natural resources secretary, Scott Angelle, on
Monday to serve as interim lieutenant governor.

If approved by lawmakers, Angelle will take over the
office after Mitch Landrieu leaves next week to
become the mayor of New Orleans.

“He’s a public servant to the core. He’s got an
incredible work ethic, perhaps only outmatched by
his heart,” Jindal said of Angelle when he
announced his choice.

The appointment will last until a new lieutenant
governor is elected or the office is abolished, as
Jindal proposes. Angelle, a Democrat from Breaux
Bridge, cannot take the office until the
House and
Senate
approve his appointment.

Louisiana’s lieutenant governor oversees the
Department of Culture, Recreation and Tourism, and
manages parks, museums, the state library and
tourism efforts.

Angelle said he wouldn’t greatly restructure the
office when he takes control.

“I have a history of working with folks that I inherit. I
don’t intend to go over there and begin to make
radical changes,” Angelle said. “But we’ll be
committed to excellence, even though it is a short
period of time.”

Asked whether he was given a mandate to shrink the

size of the office, Angelle said, “No mandate

whatsoever. The governor asked me to serve and t
old me to do a good job and not to mess it up.”

Angelle has been secretary of the Department of
Natural
Resources since 2004, under Jindal and his
predecessor, former Gov. Kathleen Blanco. Before
that, Angelle was president of St. Martin Parish.

For Jindal, Angelle has worked in a dual role as DNR
secretary and Jindal’s chief legislative lobbyist.

Jindal said Angelle will continue as his legislative
liaison even as he becomes the temporary lieutenant
governor.

An acting DNR secretary — Robert Harper, the
current undersecretary of the department — will be
put in place while Angelle works as lieutenant
governor. Angelle will return as natural resources
secretary after his interim appointment is complete,
Jindal said.

Jindal is asking lawmakers and voters to abolish the
position. Despite that, Jindal said he’d heard from

business
leaders, state lawmakers and local officials
seeking the appointment.

How long the Jindal appointment would last
depends on whether legislation passes to do away
with the elected position.

Jindal proposed the idea as a cost-cutting move.
Lawmakers will debate the bill by Rep. Cameron
Henry, R-Jefferson, in the current legislative
session.

It would take a constitutional change, which
requires approval from two-thirds of lawmakers and
a majority of voters. House and Senate leaders have
said it is unlikely to gain support from lawmakers.

If voters and lawmakers agree to abolish the post, it
would disappear in January.

If the constitutional amendment doesn’t pass,
Jindal’s appointee to the lieutenant governor’s office
would leave the position when someone is elected
to fill the rest of Landrieu’s term. The primary
election to fill the seat will be Oct. 2, with a runoff
Nov. 2.

Responders struggling to corral spill, cap leak

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By Chris Kirkham
Times-Picayune: St. Bernard bureau

As oil continues to spew from the floor of the Gulf of Mexico following a massive rig explosion last week, industry and government officials scrambled Monday to contain an expanding slick off the Louisiana coast and stop the flow of oil nearly a mile beneath the surface.

None of the oil spill has reached the shoreline or shallower estuaries responsible for the bulk of the state’s seafood production, and federal response officials said weather forecasts do not indicate landfall for the oil at least through Thursday. Officials in Mississippi, Alabama and Florida are also nervously watching the slick.

Eleven people remain missing and are presumed dead after the explosion last Tuesday of the Deepwater Horizon rig about 50 miles southeast of the mouth of the Mississippi River. More than 100 workers were rescued from the burning rig Tuesday night and Wednesday morning.

The rig, owned by Transocean, eventually toppled into the Gulf. Authorities say they do not yet know what sparked the explosion. Transocean was working for BP Exploration and Production.

Much of the effort Monday was aimed at stemming the flow of oil at its source more than 5,000 feet below the surface of the Gulf that is spewing an estimated 42,000 gallons of oil into the water daily. Officials with BP have been using remotely operated submersible vehicles aimed at triggering the blowout preventer, a 450-ton device resting on the seabed on top of the well that is intended to prevent spills of this kind.

The vehicles have been examining the blowout-prevention device for more than a day, but a BP executive said the company has been unable to determine whether the device can ultimately be activated.

So the company is also moving ahead with two other approaches to stopping and containing the leak: drilling a separate “relief well” nearby to plug the flow of oil at a different spot below the blowout preventer, or building underwater domes beneath the surface that would contain the rising plume of oil and allow it to be pumped to storage tanks for disposal.

“We don’t know which technique will ultimately be successful, so what we’re doing is working all these techniques in parallel,” said Doug Suttles, chief operating officer at BP Exploration and Production.

The oil is coming from two sources in the drilling riser, which normally extends from the well to the rig platform, one near its junction with the blowout preventer and the rest from the end of the riser, which was detached from the rig when it sank. The riser itself is bent like a fouled garden house, preventing even more oil from escaping.

BP has received Minerals Management Service approval to drill the relief wells, and a separate drilling rig was expected to arrive Monday night to begin the process. But drilling a separate well to stem the flow of oil could take several months.

Suttles said the domes are being fabricated but could take two to four weeks to put in place.

He said the primary goal is still to activate the blowout preventer that is in place, but that it is “a very challenging work environment at these water depths.”

“I must stress that this is state-of-the-art technology, (and) these are activities that have never been accomplished before but have been used in shallower waters,” Suttles said.

In an ideal scenario, blowout preventers can be activated remotely, industry officials say. That’s what happened during Hurricane Katrina, when the rigs were evacuated of personnel and the remote-operated blowout devices prevented large-scale leaks despite hurricane damage to the rigs.

But in this instance, the blowout preventers did not engage, requiring the submersible vehicles to try to manually activate them. BP officials do not know why the preventers did not work.

Meanwhile, response crews on the surface are attempting to contain the oil as best as they can. The size and extent of the oil sheen is largely due to weather patterns and wind direction, with the size changing constantly, said Charlie Henry, the scientific support coordinator for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Gulf of Mexico hazardous response team.

By Monday afternoon, authorities said the slick was 48 miles by 39 miles — an area of some 1,800 square miles — and about 30 miles off the coast of Venice.

Based on three-day projections of wind direction, most of the oil is expected to remain out at sea as north winds continue. Coast Guard Rear Adm. Mary Landry said protective booms are being set up in advance in some areas along the Gulf Coast. She said the Coast Guard and other officials are confident they can give local authorities at least three days’ notice if winds shift and appear to be threatening coastal communities.

Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal also asked the Coast Guard to put out containment booms around the Pass a Loutre Wildlife Management Area, a haven for migratory birds near the mouth of the Mississippi River.

Chuck Wilson, executive director of the Louisiana Sea Grant College Program at LSU, said most of the risks posed to state fisheries would occur if the oil slick started moving more inland, to rich oyster- and shrimp-production areas such as Breton Sound. Most of the spawning for crabs and shrimps occur in water depths of less than 30 to 40 feet.

He said many in the seafood industry are “watching it with concern, recognizing if it does get inshore or near shore it could have a material impact on the livelihoods of some people.”

As the responsible party, BP is required to pay the cost of the cleanup, according to the federal Oil Pollution Act, which was instituted after the Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska in 1989. Officials said there are no cleanup cost estimates as of Monday.

Landry said BP is “pulling out all stops” and that “there are robust resources in place.”

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service spotted in an airplane what they believed to be three sperm whales in the vicinity of the spill, but they did not appear to be stressed, Henry said.

Another nearby drilling rig has been evacuated due to the oil spill, said Lars Herbst, the Gulf regional director of the Minerals Management Service, which permits and oversees drilling on the outer continental shelf.

NOAA’s Office of Response and Restoration is activated any time there is an oil spill, but the office’s operations coordinator, Doug Helton, said an accident where oil is escaping at its source on the sea floor instead of from a ship is very rare. He said there hasn’t been a spill such as this one in decades.

Officials at BP and MMS still have not determined what caused Tuesday’s rig explosion.

“While we have a strong regulatory program focused on the safety of personnel and the environment, we want to leave no stone unturned to prevent an accident of this magnitude from every happening again,” Herbst said.